Pulverizing apparatus.



RAYMOND GI. W. B. SENSEIVIAN. FULVERIZNGYAPPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED ocT. 23. 1915.

R. A. LACHMANN Patented Mar. 26, 1918.

2 SHEETSSHEET I- LQUAOG.

R. A. LACHNIANN. A. W. RAYMOND & W. B. SENSEIVIAN.

lPULVERIZING APPARATUS. APPLfcATlo'N FILED ocT. z3. |915.

.Patented Mar. 26, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

are renna ROBERT LACHMANN, F CHICAGO, ALBERT W. RAYMOND, OF EVANS'LON, .AND WILLIAM B. SENSEMAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOBS TO RAYMOND BROTHERS IMPACT PULVERIZER COMPANY, .OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPO- BATILON 0F ILLINOIS.

PULVERIZING APPARATUS.

Specification of .Letters Patent.

Application ala october 2s, 1915. serial no. 57,450.

volving ata high rate of speed and is dis-l.

charged from the pulverizing chamber while in suspensionin the air. A

vThe primary object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of this sort which can be used for the reduction lof a large number ofv different materials and which Ican be readily-adjusted so as to accurately 'vary the tineness of the product discharged.Y

Afurther ob'ect is to provide a machine of this type w ich maybe made small size and still be capable of a large output.

A further object is toprovide a pulverizing machine which will be simple and'relatively economical in its construction.

The invention consists in the novel and improved constructions, arrangements and devices to be hereinafter described for carrying out the above stated objects and such other incidental objects as will appear from the followingr description of the preferred embodiment yof the invention shown in the `drawings appended hereto.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is al front elevation of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a similar View showing certain parts removed and others in section. I

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the impact elementshowing the shaft in section.

Fig. 4 is a detail View, in perspective, illustrating a modified form of impact element.

Fig.`5 is a sectional view illustrating one form of revoluble regulator' for varying the de of yir'ieness to which the materlal is reducedby operation of the machine, and

Figa@ is a Iview illustrating a modified form of regulator.

' Like characters of reference designate like parte in the several figures of the drawings.

Referring to the drawings, designates the revoluble impact pulverizing element arranged in the pulverizing chamber 11 and keyed to a shaft 12. Keyed tothe same shaft 1s a fan 13 arranged in a. fan chamber 14. The shaft 12 .is supported in suitable bearlng boxes 15 and is provided with a pulley 16 for a driving belt (not shown).

Preferably the pulverizing chamber 11 and the fan chamber 14 are formed by two castings which meet in' ai. plane passing through the axis of shaft 12, one of 'these castings 17 being fixed to the base 18 of the machine, and the. other, the frontcasting 19, being removably secured to casting 17 'To provide for the ready attachment and detachment of the front casting 19 this casting is provided with a pair of channeled lugs 2 0, 21, adapted to aline with a corresponding pair of lugs 20, 21? on the iixed casting 17. 22 are bolts adapted to lie in the channelsA of these lugs,the nuts 23 of which may be readily turned up to bind the re movable casting against the fixed casting. The removable or front casting is also secured by vbolt 24 to the element 25'of the machine through which the materialis fed to the pulverizing chamber.. This elementv is provided with a receiving hopper 26 and a feeding mechanism 27 with which the present application is not concerned and which, therefore, needlnot be described in detail. A feed-passageway 28 leads tothe pulverizing chamber through a feed opening 29 in the ends of castings 17, 1&9. rIhe front casting 19 has a tubular portion 30 leading from fan chamber 13 to the discharge pipe 31. The latter is formed with a yoke 32 which engages the ange 33 on the tubular projection 30, the parts being held together by set screws 34. Air is supplied to the feed passageway 28 by pipe 35..

.The pulverizing element, in the form shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, consists of a disk, the edge ofwhich is formedwith a groove 36 providing a pair of flanges 37 between which the impact elements 38 are secured by means of bolts 39, the anges being referably formed with a plurality of per orations 40 for each impact element w lich are arranged vat dierent distances from the periphery of the disk so that the impact members may be set out as they wear, In this arrangement the impact members have a pivotal relation with the disk so thatthey may turn back a trifle if necessary'in case it 1s necessary to pass over an obstruction. In Fig. 4 a modified construction is shown in which the impact members 38a1 are bolted rigidly tol the disk 10a.

The pulverizing chamber is 'preferably provided at ,the feed opening end with a hard metal liner providing a conical surface 41 which flares away from the feed opening and beyond this with a conical-surface 42 which has an opposite taper. Beyond the surface 42 is a hard metal l-iner providing a conical surface 43 converging inthe same direction as the surface 42 but preferably less sharply. The pulverizing chamber is preferably' separated from the 'fan chamber 13 by a web 44 having a central opening 45 through which the material is discharged. Located in the pulverizing chamber near the discharge opening 45, within surface 43, which forms a tapereddischarge throat, is located a regu'lati g device consisting of a hub 46 and radial arms 47. made in two parts which are fastened together by screws'48,vthis construction permitting the adjustment of the regulator longitudinally of shaft l2. The radial arms 47 A are shown as pivoted to the hub 46 by means of bolts 49 extending through spaced ianges 50 formed on the hub (Fig. 5) or the arms may have a rigid relation with the shaft 12 as shown in Fig. 6. In this case the arms 47 'a have their inner ends bent `over as' indi# cated at 51 and clamped to shaft 12 by clamping members 52, 52, provided with 1 slots 53 through which the arms project.

Operation: The material to be treated is placed in hopper 26 and is fed in regulated quantities by feeding device 27 into the feed passageway 28 and thence through opening 29 into the pulveri'zing chamber. It isthere acted upon by thebeaters 38 ofthe impact element 10 andreduced to the desired degree of ineness.

The revolution of the impact element cre-A ates a whirling movement in the air and suspended particles which thrusts the particles by impact and centrifugal force against the bounding surface 41 of the pulverizing chamber. stant pull on the material longitudinally of the chamber and the combination of these two forcesvproduces a spiralmovement of the particles which travel forwardly through the pulverizing chamber in a film or stratum close to the inner surfaces of the chamber and its discharge throat.

Asv the longitudinal component of the force exerted against the-material ,is greater 1n proportion to the radial component, in the case of smaller particles than in the case of larger particles, the smaller .particles are drawn little by little from the peripheral The hub 46 isl The fan exerts a con-l stratum by the air current generated by the fan and are discharged from the mill through the fan chamber.

The regulator, by revolving at a high speed within the conical surface 43, which diminishes in diameter in the direction toward the discharge opening, produces a counterforce against the peripheral film of outiowing materialiwhich retards the outward movement of such material; that is, the air and suspended particles acted upon by the regulator impinge upon an inclined surface so that the radial force is given a longitudinal component opposed to the longitudinal force exerted by the fan. The outiow of the material is also retarded, in the embodiment of the inyention shown, by the wall 44 between the discharge throat and the fan chamber, the purpose of which 'is also to deliver the material to the fan chamber at the center thereof. The retardation of the peripheral film in the discharge throat results necessarily in a retardation of the material all the way along the wall of the chamber. Hence the particles are kept for a longer time in the region of the beaters than would be the case if the regulator were absent.

The degree of fineness to which the pulverization is carried may be varied by the adjustment of the regulator on shaft 12. When the regulator is moved toward the pulverizing element the distance between the ends of arms 47 and the conical surface 43 is increased so that a largeramount of air can escape through this portion of the discharge opening. Moreover, the farther the ends\of the arms arefrom the bounding surface of the throat the less will be the centrifugal force which the force longitudinally produced by the fan will have'to overcome before a particle of a given size and weight can be discharged. By vgivin the regulator a position as near to the disc arge opening as possible, in which case the extremities of the arms will work close to the wall of the discharge throat, the material will be reduced to an extreme degree of .ineness Thev regulator is not an obstacle to any appreciable extent to the outflow of the finer particles of material through the center of the dischar e throat. The inner ends of the arms 4 necessarily revolve at a low velocity so that the counterforce which is exerted in this region against the air and suspended particles is What may be considered as the pulverizing chamber proper, that is, the chamber adjacent the feed opening, is preferably bounded by two conical surfaces. as shown, the'first one, surface 41, flaring toward the discharge"end of the mill, and the second one, surface 42 converging in this direction. The flaring of surface -ll increases the rapidity of movement of the thc portion of the longitudinal adjustment of the regu material which is desirable in order to keep the material feeding into the mill. The convergence of surface 42 has exactly the opposite effect and operates to slow down the movement of the material and hold the same within the region in which it is acted upon by the pulverizing element. Therefore, where ineness and uniformity are not essential, the desideratum being maximum capacity, the regulator may be adjusted far4 enough in the direction toward the impact element so that its effect will bereduced to a minimum; or the regulator may be removed entirely, in which case the flaring cone operates to produce a-very rapid movement of the material through the mill which is, however, checked to a certain extent when the material reaches the tapering cone. As the contour of the pulverizing chamber obviously cannotl be changed, and as it is an easy mattei' to remove the regulator,`the apparatus, when so constructed, has greater utility than the ordinary pulverizing mills. The taper of surface 43 defining the dis.-

lcharge. throat is preferably quite gradual,

as shown, for another reason; viz., so thatl the degree of fineness of the output may be accurately varied by the longitudinal ad justment of `the regulator. -If'the inclination of this `surface is too sharp, slight adjustments of the regulator will result in too great variations in the radial dimension of the annular space beyondthe ends of the regulator blades, making accurate regulation of ineness difficult.

Because of the regulation dependent on lator, a mill constructed in accordance with our invention is capable of operating on a great variety of different materials and the degree of fineness of the product can be varied through a very wide range. 'Ihe apparatus will pulverize thematerial to an impalpable powder, the output in such case being relatively small, or, on the other hand, the same apparatus, by simplev adjustment may be used-'for turning out a large output where fineness and uniformity are not so important. In this connection it will be notedjthat as the regulator is moved inwardly for a' coarse product, the circumferential dimension, as well as the radial dimension of thefree an- 4nular space beyond the regulator blades is increased so that the volume of` output is considerably increased; as is desirable, and is quite possible in view of the relative coarseness of the material delivered from the machine.

The inner surfaces of the pulverizing chamber and its discharge throat have been described and will be claimed as conical but this does not mean that they need be so in a strict geometrical sense of the word, although that is the preferred manner of constructing the apparatus.

It will be understood that the pulverized product is discharged to any suitable device cise constructions, arrangements and devices except so far as the language of the claims is expressly so limited.

We claim:

1. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination with a pulverizing chamber having a discharge throat partially closed by an end wall formed with an orifice of smaller diameter than the discharge throat, of means for producing a draft of air through said cham ber and throat, and means, which permits outflow through the center portion of .the throat and said orifice, for creating a counter-force in the air and suspended particles adjacent the bounding surface of the throat which retards the outward movement of said particles.

2. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination with a pulverizing chamber having a discharge throat, of means in said chamber for pulverizing material, means foi.` producing a draft through said chamber and throat, and regulating means movable to produce a counterforce effective against the portion of the material adjacent the bounding surface of the throat which retards the outward movement of that portion of the material, said regulating means being adjustable to vary the intensity of such counterforce whereby the degree of neness of. the output may be governed.

3. In pulverizing apparatus, thel combina tion with a pulverizing chamber having a discharge throat, of means for producing a draft through said chamber and throat, a regulator in said throat arranged trans versely thereof comprising a plurality of radial, revoluble members arranged in the same planewith open spaces between them to permit the outflow of'. air and suspended particles through the center portion of the throat.

4. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination With a pulverizing chamber having a' discharge throat, of means for producing a draft through said chamber and throat, a regulator in said throat arranged transversely thereof comprising radial, revoluble members with open spaces between them to permit the outflow of air and suspended particles through the center portion of the throat, said regulator being adjustable to vary the cross sectional area of the annular space between the ends of the revoluble members and the bounding surface of the throat.

5. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination with a pulverizing chamber having a discharge throat, of revoluble beaters in said chamber, means in addition to said beaters for producing a draft of air lengthwise of;

the chamber and throat, and a regulator a-rranged in the throat transversely thereof comprising a plurality of radial. revoluble members arranged in the same plane with open spaces between them to permit the outiow of air andsuspended lparticles through the center portion of the throat.

6. In pulverizing apparatus, the combina-' tional area of the annular space between the ends of said revoluble members and the bounding surface of the throat.

7. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination with a pulverizing chamber having a conical discharge throat, of a regulator in said throat-...tapering in the direction away from the chamber, and means for producing a draft through said chamber and throat arranged transversely thereof comprising radial, revolubleA members' with open spaces between them to permit the outflow of air and-suspended particles through the center portion of the throat, said regulator being adjustable in the direction of its axis of revolution.

8. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination with a pulverizing chamber having a conical discharge throat, of revoluble beaters in said pulverizing chamber, means for producing a draft of air longitudinally through said chamber and throat, a regulator in said throat arranged transversely thereof comprising radial, revoluble memi bers with open spaces between them to permit the outflow of air and suspended particles through the center portion of the throat, said regulator being adjustable in.

the direction of its aXis of revolution.l

9. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination with a pulverizing chamber formed with a feed opening at one end and a discharge-throat at the other end, said chamber being bounded at the feed end with a flaring, conical surface and beyond this with a tapering, conical surface, of revoluble impact members in the part of the chamber bounded by the flaring conical surface., and means for producing a draft of air longitudinally through said chamber.

10. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination with a pulverizing chamber formed tion of the throat and is adjustable so as to vary the cross sectional area of the space between it vand the bounding surface of the throat.

l1. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination with a pulverizing chamber formed with a feed opening at one end and a conical discharge throat at the other end, said chamber being bounded at the feed end with a Haring conical surface and beyond this with a tapering conical surface, of revoluble impact members in the part ofthe chamber bounded by the Haring conical surface, means for producin a draft of air longitudinally through said chamber, and arcgulator in said discharge throat comprismg radial, revoluble arms arranged transversely of the throat, said regulator being adjustablein the direction of its axis of revolution.

12. In pulverizing` apparatus, the combination with a pulverizing chamber having la discharge throat tapering in the. direction away from the cham er, and meansfor producing a draft throughl said chamber and throat, of a longitudinally adjustable regulator in saidv throat arranged transversely thereof comprising a hub and a plurality of radially arranged arms in the same plane, secured to said hub.

13. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination of a pulverizing chamber having an opening in one end through which the material enters the chamber, and formed at the other end with a discharge throat tapered toward its outlet, the portion of the chamber adjacent said first-named* opening increasing in diameter in the direction toward the discharge throat; a` revoluble beaterin said portion of the chamber provided with radially arranged beating elements, the ends of which are oblique to conform to the adjacent part of the wall of said chamber; and a revoluble regulator to vary the degree of pulverization, arranged in said throat and adjustable axially thereof and Open at the middle to permit the discharge of material therethrough.

14. 1n pulverizing apparatus, the combi nation of a pulverizing chamber having an opening in one end through which the. material enters the chamber, and formed at the other end with a discharge throat tapered toward outlet, the portion of-the chamber adjacent said rst-named opening in.

creasing in diameter in the direction toward the discharge throat; a revoluble beater in said portion of the chamber provided with radially arranged beating elements, the ends of which are oblique to conform to the adjacent part of the Wall of said chamber; and a revoluble regulator to vary the degree of pulverization, arranged insaid throatand adjustable axially-thereof, comprising a hub and radialarms pivoted thereto. A

15. In .pulverizing apparatus, the combination with apulverizing chamber having a discharge throat converging toward its outlet end, of means in said chamber for pulverizing material, means for producing a draft through said chamber and throat, and a revoluble regulatorwin said throat to impart centrifugal movement t0 thematerial in the throat which is adjustable longitudinally of the throat whereby the degree of ineness of the output of the apparatus may be governed.

16. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination with a pulverizing chamber having a discharge throat converging toward its outlet end and a bounding surface inwardly of and adjacent said throat which converges in the same direction but at a sharper angle, means in said vchamber for pulverizing material and imparting centrifugal movement to the same, means `for producing a draft through said chamber and throat, and a revoluble regulater in said throat to impart centrifugal movement to the material in the throat which is adjustable longitudinally of the throat whereby thedegree of nesess of the output of the apparatus may be governed.

17. In pulverizing apparatus, the combination of a fan chamber,y a centrifugal fan therein, a pulverizing chamber having a discharge throatl converging in the direction toward the fan chamber and having an 4opening into said fan chamber of smaller diameter than the fan chamber, a revolublel impact pulverizer in said pulverizing chamber, and a revoluble regulator in said throat to impart centrifugal movement to the material in the throat which is adjustable longitudinally of the throat whereby the degree of ineness of the output of the apparatus may be governed.

ROBERT A. LACHMANN. ALBERT W. RAYMOND. WILLIAM B. SENSEMAN. 

